Cooperation and competition are both
important. They are attributes which are equally necessary for a person to
achieve success in his life.
Learn to be cooperative. No one likes a
selfish, greedy, or arrogant individual. However, everyone likes a considerate
and cooperative person. Everything we do today, whether in doing business or
making friends, depends upon our ability to get along with one another. In our
society, most tasks demand the cooperation of many individuals so that they can
be accomplished efficiently. In this situation, we must be supportive and
cooperative. Each person is like a small part of a machine. If only one part is
out of order, the machine can't be running well. Besides, transportation and
communication systems are rapidly developing and people all over the world can
get in touch with each other more easily. It is hard for a person who is
isolated from the society to have a deep understanding of the world he lives in
and to accomplish a feat in his career. Cooperation is becoming more and more
important for a person to earn a good life.
Being competitive also has a place in life.
If you want to achieve more success and be better than others, you must work
harder, study more diligently, and adapt yourself to competition. The desire to
succeed and do better than others inspires us to work harder. If there were no
competition, a sports meet would never be exciting and successful, and we could
never have champions.
No doubt, we often find there is an
inseparable relationship between competition and cooperation. In a football
match, either team is competing with the other. But each member of the team is
cooperating with his teammates.
We cooperate with others to be more
competitive; we compete to earn a better environment for cooperation. Thus we
can make progress continuously. Only competition together with cooperation
leads us to realize our goals and satisfy our needs.
Higher education is provided through
universities, vocational training institutions, and adult and community
educational institutions. The standard, design and diversity of education
offered by Australian universities are among the most impressive in the world.
There are 36 universities in Australia, together with two private institutions
— the multi-campus Australian Catholic University (known collectively as ACU
National) and Bond University (in Queensland — and a large number of public and
private colleges offering advanced education in specific subject areas. In
addition, the Commonwealth government maintains a number of specialized
learning institutions, notably the Australian Film, Television and Radio
School, the Australian Maritime College, and the National Institute of Dramatic
Arts.
The Commonwealth government provides about
45% of the general funding for public institutions of higher education. It also
assists with competitive research grants. In 2002, federal government
expenditure on higher education was estimated at more than $6.4 billion.
Australian citizens studying at the country's universities are obliged to pay a
higher education contribution tax.
Australia's universities have long enjoyed
an international reputation for excellence in teaching and research. Academic
staff in Australian universities are recruited on an international basis.
Australian universities have strong international links across the entire range
of their activities, from individual research collaborations to joint ventures
with universities in other countries. In particular, Australia works to develop
strong educational relationships with its neighbors in the Asia-Pacific region.
Apart from universities, vocational
training institutions provide courses with a strong vocational focus such as
travel, tourism, graphic design and many others. TAPE, the acronym for
Technical and Further Education, is the largest provider of vocational
education and training in Australia. It is government-funded postsecondary
education which not only meets the needs of various industries but also gives
people immediately usable skills which win them jobs. Adult and community
education programs are of shorter duration, and are therefore well-adapted to
the needs of adult learners, whose domestic and work commitments frequently
discourage them from entering long-term education programs.
Contemporary historians agree that the history
of Australia begins with the arrival of the Aborigines. The Aborigines were the
first inhabitants of Australia. Most anthropologists believe they migrated from
southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago, during a period when low sea levels
permitted the simplest forms of land and water travel. They explored and
settled on this vast continent, surviving on what the landAustralian Aborigines provided. Instead of
remaining permanently in one place, the Aboriginal people lived a nomadic or
semi-nomadic life, seeking fresh supplies of animals and plants across the
continent and moving on when food in each temporary settlement became scarce.
Around 10,000 years ago, the Aborigines had
settled throughout the continent, with the exception of the alpine regions. The
three major regions of Australia in which the Aborigines lived were the
northern coast, the southeast and Tasmania. At the end of the Ice Age, rising
sea levels transformed Tasmania into an island. As a result, the weapons, tools
and lifestyle of the Aborigines of Tasmania diverged from those of the mainland
Aborigines.
The Australian Aborigines were essentially
hunter-gatherers without domesticated animals except the dingo. The Aborigines
used fire as a hunting tool. They cleared areas using fire in order to stimulate
the growth of grazing pastures and drive out small animals that they could
easily capture. This method is called "firestick farming". The
Aborigines had a unique relationship with the environment. Not only were the
means of their livelihood provided by the land, their religious beliefs were
firmly linked to the land and those living things associated with it. The
"Aboriginal Dreamtime" is part of Aboriginal history which explains
the origins and culture of the land and its people. To the Aborigines, areas of
land were sacred, because the ancestral spirits responsible for shaping the
earth's landform as well as giving the people their organization, laws and
customs had taken up residence in these places. Not only did these sites
contain the ancestral spirits, they were the source of life for the
continuation of the people or the clans. Special ceremonies were held at these
sites at particular times of the year to revere the totem (HM) and to enable
sacred myths to be transmitted to the younger generation. Plants and animals
were also sacred to them. These living things were thought to contain the
reincarnated spirits of the dead.
Canada's expansive area can be divided into
five geographic regions, each with a distinct landscape and climate. These
regions are the Atlantic Region, the Central Region, the Prairie Region, the
Pacific Region and the Northern Region.
Canada has numerous lakes which cover about
7.6% of its landmass. Among them, the Great Lakes on the border between Canada
and the U.S. are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world. Canada
shares with the U.S. Niagara Falls, one of the most spectacular natural wonders
on the North American continent.
Canada is abundant in forest resources. In
fact, approximately 39% of the country is covered with forest. Westward, toward
the Pacific Ocean, the area is covered by mountain ranges from north to south
including the Rocky Mountains. The country's highest peak is Mount Logan
located in the southwestern part of the Yukon Territory at 5,959 meters.
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) is an
Irish poet, dramatist, and public figure. He is one of the driving forces
behind the Irish Literary Revival1 and is co-founder of the Abbey Theater. He
wrote poetry, drama and prose, but his fame rests chiefly on his poetry. He
used an elaborate system of symbols in his poems, which provides the reader
many memorable lines. His representative poems include "The Wild Swans at
Coole", "Michael Robartes and the Dancer" and "The
Tower". Yeats won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.
The major trends in the British economy since
the war have been a further decline hi the already small agricultural sector
(by European standards), a reduction in the industrial sector and a sizable
expansion of the service sector (retailing, banking, tourism, and public
services). Like most developed economies, Britain has seen a relative shrinkage
in the importance of secondary industry and a spectacular growth hi the service
industry.
Britain boasts one of the world's oldest,
most extensive, and most highly developed financial systems. Currently the
financial sector employs approximately one million people and produces about 6%
of the nation's wealth.
London is one of the three principal
financial centers of the world, with the other two being New York and Tokyo. It
has the greatest concentration of foreign banks in the world, and is the
world's largest foreign exchange market. At the heart of the British financial
system is the Bank of England, which was founded in 1694 and nationalized in
1946. It functions as Britain's central bank, working in close contact with the
government to control monetary policy and give directives to commercial banks.
In addition to banking, dealings in
commodities and insurance industries are important processes in "the
City", which refers to the historic area at the center of London where
business is concentrated.
The London Stock Exchange,1 located in the
heart of the City, is one of the world's largest centers for trading stocks and
bonds. In recent years, more and more British people have invested in the stock
market. In 1998, it was estimated that 27% of British adults owned shares
directly in the London stock market.
Other financial institutions based in the
City include many insurance companies, such as the prestigious Lloyd's2,
shipping companies, building societies, merchant banks and discount houses3, as
well as foreign banks and many of the world's major commodity markets like the
London Metal Exchange and the Baltic Exchange4.
Tourism is one of the largest industries in
Britain. It employs 1.8 million people in hotels, restaurants, pubs, travel
agencies and museums. The income from British tourism makes up about 5% of the
world's total income from tourism. About 25 million people visit England every
year from all over the world.
England has much to offer, with magnificent
countryside views which varies from region to region and a wide variety of
culture. There are wonderful Dorset and East
Devon Coast1, the Lake District2,
Stonehenge3, Windsor Castle4, and the beautiful university towns such as Oxford
and Cambridge.
Exhibition and conference services provide
Britain with another source of revenue. Britain is the world's third largest
center for international conferences, after the United States and France.
The Industrial Revolution began in the
textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions. They were
the Spinning Jenny, the water frame, the spinning mule, the power loom steam
engine. These inventions completed the mechanization of the textile industry
and prepared the way for a new system of production: large scale industry.
With these developments came a need for a
cheap means of transportation. To meet it, entrepreneurs invested in digging
canals to ship goods to market. In 1814, the steam locomotive was invented. The first railway was completed
in 1825. By 1850, Britain had established a railroad system encompassing over
10,000 kilometers of track. Meanwhile, it had also built a large merchant
fleet, which carried British-manufactured goods to all parts of the world.
By the middle of the 19th century, the
Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain. It changed Britain in many
ways. Its industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the
most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world.
The country also underwent a process of mass urbanization. Many new cities
sprang up, such as Manchester, Leeds, Birminghamand Sheffield. By 1850, the
urban population was half of the whole population in Britain. The Industrial
Revolution also created changes in the class structure. The capitalist class
replaced the old nobility as the most important force in the country.
Meanwhile, a large proletariat class came into being, who owned neither the
means of production nor the products.
These copies of the original Italian company Panerai
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home.
Charlie Chaplain was born on April 16, 1
889, in London. His childhood was one of extreme poverty and he did not have
much schooling. But Charlie showed an early gift for acting and longed to be an
actor.
In 1910 Charlie went to the United States
for the first time as part of a troupe and thus started his formal acting
career. He was very successful in his acting and made about 80 films throughout
his life.
After World War II, Chaplin did not stop to
rest on his earlier successes. He gave up the Little Tramp character and tried
to grow as an artist. Later Chaplin settled in Switzerland and stayed there for
the rest of his life. He died in Switzerland on December 25, 1977 and the world
lost one of the greatest creative artists of the 20th century.
I can listen no longer in silence. I must speak to you by such means as are within my reach. You pierce my soul. I am half agony, half hope. Tell me not that I am too late, that such precious feelings are gone for ever. I offer myself to you again with a heart even more your own, than when you almost broke it eight years and a half ago. Dare not say that man forgets sooner than woman, that his love has an earlier death. I have loved none but you. Unjust I may have been, weak and resentful I have been, but never inconstant . You alone have brought me to Bath. For you alone I think and plan. — Have you not seen this? Can you fail to have understood my wishes? — I had not waited even these ten days, could I have read your feelings, as I think you must have penetrated mine. I can hardly write. I am every instant hearing something which overpowers me. You sink your voice, but I can distinguish the tones of that voice, when they would be lost on others. — Too good, too excellent creature. You do us justice indeed. You do believe that there is true attachment and constancy among men. Believe it to be most fervent, most undeviating in.
F. W.
I must go, uncertain of my fate, but I shall return hither, or follow your party, as soon as possible. A word, a look will be enough to decide whether I enter your father's house this evening, or never.
